A __speech act__ in linguistics and the philosophy of language is an utterance that has performativity in language and communication - wikipedia 
According to Kent Bach, "almost any speech act is really the performance of several acts at once, distinguished by different aspects of the speaker's intention: there is the act of saying something, what one does in saying it, such as requesting or promising, and how one is trying to affect one's audience".
The contemporary use of the term goes back to J. L. Austin's development of performative utterances and his theory of Locutionary act, Illocutionary act, and perlocutionary acts. Speech acts are commonly taken to include such acts as promising, ordering, greeting, warning, inviting and congratulating.
Speech acts can be analysed on three levels: - Illocutionary acts - Perlocutionary acts - Indirect speech acts
# Formalization
Other attempts have been proposed by Per Martin-Löf for a treatment of the concept of assertion inside intuitionistic type theory, and by Carlo Dalla Pozza, with a proposal of a formal pragmatics connecting propositional content (given with classical semantics) and illocutionary force (given by intuitionistic semantics).
Up to now the main basic formal application of speech act theory are to be found in the field of human-computer interaction (in chatboxes and other tools: see below) - wikipedia
# Three levels of speech act - A locutionary act, the performance of an utterance: the actual utterance and its ostensible meaning, comprising phonetic, phatic and rhetic acts corresponding to the verbal, syntactic and semantic aspects of any meaningful utterance; - an illocutionary act: the pragmatic Illocutionary Force of the utterance, thus its intended significance as a socially valid verbal action; - and in certain cases a further perlocutionary act: its actual effect, such as persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, or otherwise getting someone to do or realize something, whether intended or not (Austin 1962)
# Conversation for Action
Computational speech act models of Human–computer interaction have been developed. Speech act theory has been used to model conversations for automated classification and retrieval - wikipedia
# In political science
In political science, the Copenhagen School adopts speech act as a form of felicitous speech act (or simply 'facilitating conditions'), whereby the speaker, often politicians or players, act in accordance to the truth but in preparation for the audience to take action in the directions of the player that are driven or incited by the act - wikipedia
This forms an observable framework under a specified subject matter from the player, and the audience who are:
under-theorised [would] remain outside of the framework itself, and would benefit from being both brought in and drawn out.
It is because the audience would not be informed of the intentions of the player, except to focus on the display of the speech act itself. Therefore, in the perspective of the player, the truth of the subject matter is irrelevant except the result produced via the audience.
# In legal theory
The study of Speech Acts is prevalent in legal theory since laws themselves can be interpreted as speech acts. Laws issue out a command to their constituents which can be realized as an action. When forming a legal contract, speech acts can be made when people are making or accepting an offer.
Considering the theory of freedom of speech, some speech acts may not be legally protected. For example, a death threat is a type of speech act and is considered to exist outside of the protection of freedom of speech as it is treated as a criminal act.
# In finance
In finance, it is possible to understand mathematical models as speech acts: the notion of "financial Logos" is defined in Walter (2016) as the speech act of mathematical financial risk models. The action of the financial Logos on financial practices is the following: the framing of financial decision-making by risk modelling - wikipedia
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